Behoeften, mogelijkheden en gedragskeuzen met betrekking tot het verplaatsingsgedrag: een multidisciplinair perspectief

De problemen inzake verkeer en vervoer zijn niet goed to begrijpen zonder inzicht in het verplaatsingsgedrag van mensen. Een beter begrip van dat verplaatsingsgedrag leidt eveneens tot meer inzicht in onderwerpen als het functioneren van vervoersystemen en de invloed van ruimtelijke inrichting op verkeer en vervoer. Over dat gedrag gaat dit hoofdstuk. We zullen vragen beantwoorden als: Waarom verplaatsen wij ons? Wat zijn de drijvende krachten achter het verplaatsingsgedrag? Wat is de relatie tussen verplaatsingsgedrag en andere mobiliteitskeuzen, zoals de keuze van de woonplek en de aanschaf van vervoermiddelen? Welke factoren zijn van invloed op deze gedragskeuzen? We zullen deze vragen beantwoorden vanuit psychologische, economische en geografische perspectieve

Assessment of Cryptosporidium in wastewater reuse for drinking water purposes: A case study for the city of Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Wastewater reuse is becoming increasingly important for supplementing drinking water supply needs and/or to reduce costs in many communities around the world. However, wastewater reuse can result in a potential transmission route for infectious agents. Therefore, the occurrence of Cryptosporidium was assessed in a treatment plant geared for the production of drinking water from wastewater effluent and the results were compared to those on an existing typical drinking water treatment plant operated by Waternet, the water cycle company of Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and its surrounding areas. The assessment was done using Monte-Carlo simulation and probability density functions to determine the occurrence of Cryptosporidium in raw surface water and wastewater effluent and the removal in different treatment steps. From the research conducted, it was concluded that under normal conditions, drinking water that meets Dutch drinking water quality standards could also be produced from treated wastewater effluent. However, additional redundancy should be built in to meet the standards under extreme operating conditions

Substring filtering for low-cost linked data interfaces

Recently, Triple Pattern Fragments (TPFS) were introduced as a low-cost server-side interface when high numbers of clients need to evaluate SPARQL queries. Scalability is achieved by moving part of the query execution to the client, at the cost of elevated query times. Since the TPFS interface purposely does not support complex constructs such as SPARQL filters, queries that use them need to be executed mostly on the client, resulting in long execution times. We therefore investigated the impact of adding a literal substring matching feature to the TPFS interface, with the goal of improving query performance while maintaining low server cost. In this paper, we discuss the client/server setup and compare the performance of SPARQL queries on multiple implementations, including Elastic Search and case-insensitive FM-index. Our evaluations indicate that these improvements allow for faster query execution without significantly increasing the load on the server. Offering the substring feature on TPF servers allows users to obtain faster responses for filter-based SPARQL queries. Furthermore, substring matching can be used to support other filters such as complete regular expressions or range queries